Don Edwards Literary Memorial
Compiled and Published by LeRoy Chatfield

Archive for August, 2007

Once upon a time….

Sunday, August 26th, 2007
….I was a Christian Brother. I thought about your post, LeRoy, about when you left the Brothers and began your life with the Farmworker’s crusade for decency. This is my story.

I am now seventy-two years old. I never expected to live that long. My father died of tuberculosis when he was 34. My stepfather died of alcoholic related diseases at the ripe old age of 48, wizened and yellowed by cirrhosis.

I never had much of a family life. By my count I had moved 10 times by the time I was 16. Then, for about six years, my family was a motley collection of boys who found themselves in Catholic boarding school, Mont la Salle, in Napa, California. Recruiting young men of high school age, usually from one of the seven or eight schools they owned and ran, was the primary method of recruitment for the Christian Brothers, an order founded in the seventeenth century whose laudable purpose was to teach children of poverty.

I was three years there, one year in the Novitiate, two years at St. Marys College as a student Brother with the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, and then I left for the real world. When I try to remember what I was like as a high school student I see a small, immature and very insecure child, clueless about what the implications of being in a religious order meant, a child who talked during the periods of silence, showed off to get attention, and was thoroughly disliked by the Director in charge of these children, Brother Michael Quinn. Deliberate humiliation was one of his weapons, indifference was another. God knows I needed neither.

Probably the most important person in my life, and no doubt the most influential during those six years, was the Director of Novices, Brother Pius. For the first time in my life, an adult took me seriously. In many ways he was the father I never had. A function called “redition” was a weekly affair. A novice would spend an hour alone with the Director, talking about many subjects, about life, about values, about expectations, about morality, about….well more or less whatever the Director wanted or thought important to talk about. When I told him of my fears, my anxieties, he eventually got me to understand that I had an “inferiority complex” and that I had no reason to feel that way. He said I was smart, good hearted and could probably succeed in anything I chose to do. Nobody had ever said anything like that to me either, but I wondered about his judgement then.

Something else he told me was what kind of temperament I had. Aristotle divided the world into four emotional categories: sanguine, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic. He said I was a more or less equal mix of sanguine and melancholic. I now translate that to mean, part smart ass, part introspectively moody. It was an accurate assessment. The smart ass part, I am sure, was what most people saw and likely was the main reason for being told by our Director of Scholastics, Brother Gabriel, that I should look seriously elsewhere for my life’s work. As it turns out, he was right. In a left handed way I owe him a debt of gratitude.

This revelation or pronouncement came like a slap in the face, completely out of the blue. It was during a redition. We chatted about this and that, then he looked at me and said that there were those in the committee, (I never found out who were on the “committee” or what exactly was said), who had reservations about my acceptability, my piety, my basic conduct, my “vocation”.

I was told that I would have a short time to think and pray over my decision, but the implication was that he, “they,” wanted me to leave. I did think about it. I did pray over it. Then I sought advice from the only one in the world I trusted, Brother Pius.

Now a little about Brother Pius. Short, funny kind of duck walk, warm and insightful. I said he took me seriously, but more than that, he liked me and cared about me. He was a bit of a smart ass himself, I think, and that probably explains why he was not a member of the “committee.” Here’s a picture of him I took in 1953. Roman nose, direct look, sly smile, wise and sensitive.

He said, in short, that the decision was all mine. He said the “committee” could not expel me, in fact had acted already beyond its responsibility, and that if I decided to stay, they could not do anything about it. He emphasized that I had done nothing wrong, nothing that would justify this “notification.” He told me he would talk to whoever I wished him to talk to and I could be present if I wished.

In the end, as you did, LeRoy, I decided to decide. It turned out to be simple. I felt like an inverse Groucho Marx. Why would I want to be in a club that didn’t wish me as a member? So I packed my bags with the sum total of two shirts, two pair of black pants, several pair of underclothes and socks, one pair of shoes and my toothbrush. My mother came to pick me up during evening prayer so that nobody would know that I had left. I left no note of explanation. I disappeared as if I had never been a Brother.

You can imagine, LeRoy, I was in a quite different state of mind than what you describe when you left the monastic life. When you decided to leave, you had plans, vision, excitement going into a new life.

I had no place to go, no vision, no sense of mission, no self respect after that humiliating exit. Brother Robert, bless him, and George Eliot our English Novel teacher, wrote St. Johns College suggesting that I would be an excellent addition to their student body. So that was where I headed after the summer, beginning a new life.

Half a century has gone by. Going nights, afternoons, weekends, whenever I could take a class while working full time and with a family, I eventually acquired a degree in mathematics and an masters in Electrical Engineering. I became a technologist, primarily computer applications, lived in six countries, fathered four children, married still to the same woman, Valerie, for fifty years….in short, an interesting, challenging and fulfilling life.

So once upon a time I was a Christian Brother, looking forward to taking my final vows, intent on getting a PhD in Literature, teaching in a university like my friend and mentor, Brother Robert. Looking back, I bear no grudge or bad feelings except for the way it was done: cruel and mean spirited.

As for the Christian Brother religious order itself: in retrospect it had already lost its way. Educating poor kids had become a very secondary objective at best. The winery, now sold, and the college, now more or less secular, became the primary objectives. I wonder what John Baptist de la Salle, its founder, would think of them now? There are still plenty of poor, illiterate kids around.

Oh, yes. I am still a smart ass and moody. And sure enough, I can do most things I set out to do. I guess Brother Pius was a pretty good judge of temperament after all.

L > FIFTEEN YEARS AND OUT

Thursday, August 23rd, 2007

FIFTEEN YEARS AND OUT

Don Edwards, my high school classmate, and the other half of this Dialogue, recently asked me why I had not written an Easy Essay about why, and under what circumstances, I left the Christian Brothers, a monastic religious teaching order founded in France in the mid-1600’s? A good question, I responded, and promised to do so.

Along with Don, I entered the Catholic religious order at the tender age of fifteen, studied hard, became a monk, a high school teacher, a true believer – but abruptly left fifteen years later – in the mid-1960’s – to save the world.

As I began to reconstruct the why’s of my decision and struggled to find an appropriate place in my story to begin the account, it dawned on me – I HAD already written this chapter!

Forty-two years ago I had explained myself and the reasons for my decision, to every friend and supporter I had picked up along the course of my activist religious life. There is no need to reinvent what so easily tripped off my typewriter on November 12, 1965. Nor is there any need to edit or embellish it – it is what it was!

November 12, 1965

My dear friends,

This is rather a difficult letter to write but one that I feel obligated to send because of your interest and kindness to me in the past.

Very simply put: I am withdrawing (voluntarily) from the Christian Brothers in order to work full time for the National Farm Workers Association – a grass roots movement begun in Delano, California by Cesar Chavez to organize farm worker families in California. (For my non-Catholic friends): my withdrawing from the Christian Brothers does not mean that I have to leave or that I intend to leave the Catholic Church. I will once again assume the position proper to that of a “layman”, i.e., a member of the Church but without the religious vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

My reasons for such a decision are really not very profound or complex. I just feel that I can no longer work on behalf of social justice at the level of abstraction that my life as a religious teaching Brother seems to indicate. Then too, my ever increasing involvement and identification with the poor only continues to widen the gap between my obedience to religious authority and my own understanding of what my life as a Christian must entail. Actually, the decision to make a decision was probably the most difficult part.

I must emphasize that it is not with an attitude of bitterness or hostility that I leave the Brothers. Quite the contrary! I will always be most grateful to them for the opportunities that I had to work with young men and women – that experience alone has been worth a lifetime to me. Then too, many of my closest friends are Brothers and will continue to remain so. In short, whatever “levels of consciousness” I have attained is due in large measure to my having been a Christian Brother.

As I have indicated, I will be working for the NFWA at a salary of $20 a month. I will serve as the Director of Co-Op Development. Our idea is to build a complex of Co-Op’s (clinic, pharmacy, credit union, garage, etc.) somewhere in the Valley – but this complex would be owned and controlled by farm workers themselves. Since almost all of these families make less than $3,000 a year, this idea presents some unique difficulties that must be overcome. My job – as I see it – is to attempt to organize these Co-Op’s by setting up their over-all economic and legal structures and to recruit professional men and women (doctors, lawyers, pharmacists, accountants, teachers, etc.) who will give us one or two years of their lives to work for the poor through the Co-Op at prices that farm workers can honestly afford to pay. We look upon this as a prerequisite for serious grass roots organizing.

I estimate that it will take two years to organize such a Co-Op – granting of course that it can be done! Since at the age of thirty-one I begin from “scratch” without financial resources, I will have to live in a kind of voluntary poverty for the next two years at least. By voluntary poverty I mean that I will have to live on $100 a month and buy (and support) a Volkswagen. Since the NFWA can only afford to salary me at $20 a month at this time, I am going to have to be dependent upon friends who believe in me enough to pledge, let’s say, $5 a month for a year to support my efforts at organizing.

Honestly! This is not a letter of appeal. God knows you have received enough of them from me in the past. I don’t want you to do anything for me or for the cause I believe in unless you really want to. I realize that what I propose to do will strike some of you as “crazy” or “naive” or “nuts” and maybe in two years time I will agree with you. But right now I am convinced that Cesar Chavez and the NFWA represents a true anti-poverty program that respects the dignity and integrity of the people involved.

For the first year (at least until June 1966) I expect to be operating mostly in San Francisco and Los Angeles. I have two “contact” offices:

San Francisco Area:

LeRoy Chatfield
c/o Bonnie Burns
700 Church St. Apt 205
San Francisco, California
(Phone: MA 6-2281 – Evenings)

Delano Office:

LeRoy Chatfield
c/o National Farm Workers Association
Box 894
Delano, California
(Phone: 8661)

For those of you who want to know what you can do, consider the following:

1. Keep me free to organize by contributing small amounts each month for my support.
2. Make a small contribution towards the purchase and support of a VW.
3. Let me know if I am welcome to stay with you for a day or two when I am in your area. Believe me, I won’t overstay.
4. Put me in contact with professional persons or persons with specialized talents who might want to work in a CO-OP situation at the grass roots level. Warning: this work will entail a kind of voluntary poverty and the living conditions will be very basic.
5. Arrange for me to speak to potentially interested groups about the NFWA and our CO-OP movement.
6. Refer me to existing Co-op’s that you are personally acquainted with so that I can visit and learn more about them.

Thank you, thank you, for all you have done for me in the past I hope that you will look with understanding on what I feel that I have to do to close one chapter in my life and begin another.

Love,

LeRoy Chatfield
(Formerly: Brother Gilbert, FSC)

P.S. I suspect that my San Francisco address will be the fastest way to contact me – at least for the time being.

L > NUMBER 73

Tuesday, August 21st, 2007

Don,

At the risk of casting a pall over our Dialogue, I offer this post.

Decades ago, I discovered that writing it down, gave relief to pent-up feelings and anxiety attacks – a sort of home grown and inexpensive therapy, I suppose. True enough, I am not obligated to post it in such a public manner, but at my age, how could it hurt? I am surely not the only old man to experience and harbor gloomy birthday feelings.

Number 73

How should a seventy-three year-old celebrate his birthday? Take a hike? Climb a mountain? Get drunk? Feel sorry for himself? See a movie? Take a medical exam? Write a book? Go hunting? Watch TV? Go to work?

I chose work . . . and feeling sorry for myself.

Work, because I am alone, on the outer fringes of a throbbing organization, and won’t be bothered unless I choose to be. Feeling sorry, because the future, or what’s left of it, seems grim and unreliable. It’s not the fact of old age, it is the withering and drying up part of it that generate my feelings of gloom and foreboding.

I look at others who have gone before me: my mother, a relative, a neighbor, all lost touch with any reality. I see many others barely holding on, generally confused, drifting in and out. Yes, there are other, and different, examples. My father who died in his prime, a life of good health without doctors, save his final six months, and another, a super-charged friend and mentor who at age seven years younger than I am today, fell asleep reading, and never awoke.

The end, of course, is never in question, it is the means that begin to haunt me. Of course there is nothing to be done, no decisions to be made, no other path to choose, it will happen as it unfolds. I am not in charge.

But cheers! The day itself started with a wake-up greeting from my spouse of 41 years, followed by a birthday e-card from my dentist, a frightful invasion of privacy, I thought. Not long after, a call from my six-year-old baseball grandson, and one from my youngest child – there will be many more calls and cards to come before the close of the day, I’m sure.

I have to admit: it IS nice to be remembered, even on a birthday when spirits sag, but none of this familial attention will dispel the gloom – feeling sorry for oneself is deeply rooted and requires perspective, gratitude, peaceful hope and long suffering In the past, writing it down worked best of all, and may it again . . . soon.

P.S. The morning after: by the way, to help shake the gloom, it doesn’t hurt to drink a 1er Cru Pommard (2004) with your homemade birthday dinner of veal piccata

A Bonny Requium

Sunday, August 19th, 2007

LeRoy, you recently mentioned my posted piece on the thin thread between the time of Jesus and Peter and the current pontiff. You said you thought Brother Boniface, our class religion instructor among many other things, would have been proud of me in spite of his orthodoxy. I came across this tribute I wrote for him shortly after his passing. I thought I might post it.

Brother Boniface George. Brother Boniface. Brother George Kohles. “Bonny.”

In December of 1997, Valerie and I decided to visit our youngest daughter, Leslie, in California for Christmas. Leslie invited us, because, as she said, “I have a place of my own. I’m proud of it. Come see it.”

One day, the three of us decided to go to Napa for the day. I, of course, had gone to the Mont LaSalle Junior Novitiate. Graduated in 1952 from the most massive class in its history…fourteen. I became a Novice. Took vows. Went to St. Mary’s as a student brother. Left the Brothers. Married. Had babies.

I really had no intention of going to the Mont this day, but as an afterthought…..who knows? I drove up Redwood Road and parked in front of the Chapel.

I first met Brother George “Boniface” Kohles when I went to the Mont in the middle of my second sophomore semester of high school. I was recruited from Christian Brothers School in Sacramento by Brother Ed Behen, the silver tongued vocational director of the district. I have always suspected that I made his quota that year and he owes me one. As I remember, Ed made it sound like a country club. It wasn’t.

Brother Boniface was one of the five Mont La Salle resident faculty: Michael, the Director, Vincent, the Sub-director, Paul, Gerard and Boniface. They taught everything….language, literature, science, math, music, history, (library science, for crying out loud)….typing, athletics, games, values, “the rule,”…even the occasional movies had much scrutiny. I remember two “real” movies we went to: in Napa, the film about Cardinal Mindzenti (“The Prisoner” with Alex Guinness) and, in our senior “trip” to Lake Tahoe, we saw “An American in Paris.” Talk about a luxury trip. I had to share a motel bed with Jack Kannevan and Paul Bayne, for God’s sake. Or was it Benny Munoz. Maybe all four of us. I think all the little people had to quadruple up.

Boniface taught French…and the textbook had English/French puns in it, much appreciated by a congenital paronomasiac. I had had some Spanish, but really no language skills. I learned enough Italian in another life to be dangerous, but…..French was difficult. It’s hard to think of Brother George without thinking that he was much more than any of us gave him credit. He always had this smile. He always found some infraction of the rule of silence, which I broke with alacrity. He was polite. He cleaned my clock in paddle ball. I never played golf with him, I never had a chance, but I’ll bet he was a decent golfer until arthritis took over. And the other things: fluent in French, the instigator, trainer, leader of Gregorian music, personal promoter of the Monks of Solemnes. I hope they gave him a royalty…he deserved it. I kept bugging him over the years to get me a Liber, the liturgical song book we used at sung masses, but they were scarce then (Benny Munoz got me one recently…where he got it is as mysterious as the book itself). Brother Boniface was impressed during one discussion many years later, to know that Justine Ward, who was very influential in liturgical music, was my aunt. I wonder how many of us recognized his horizons.

I should not leave out religion. He was our moralist, dogmatist, faithest and all around fundamental religionist instructor. He never deviated from strict, formal interpretation of our religious training. It never occurred to me to question things like the Virgin Birth, the mathematical eccentricities of the ‘three in one’ Holy Trinity doctrine or the excesses of the Catholic Church itself for that matter. And when I could, many years later, I chose not to. I loved Bonny and didn’t want to hurt his feelings.

He always encouraged me; I took him for granted.

Brother Boniface was my vow sponsor. Over the years I would, from time to time, visit the Mont and see him. He met Valerie at the famous “reunion” and my three daughters at various intervals. This time, stopping at the Mont on an afternoon, I went over to the “Ancients” area on a whim. I never got caught, if the truth be known, drinking some of the leftover wine when I cleaned up as a Junior.

Mirabile Dictu! Brother George was in residence and available. He came down and gave all three of us a big embrace…he was sort of amazed that we were there…no notice…, gave us a tour of what was the Juniorate. I had forgotten the stain glass windows in the chapel that Michael Quinn had somehow managed to con someone out of when we were there. We went through what had been the Novitiate quarters. I saw my old room. Now it is a modest mansion…two rooms. He introduced me to Brother Conrad, who was not in good health. Conrad was the fourth grade teacher at CBS when I was there.

…and he showed us his room and office. He had been making rosaries from “Jacob’s Tears” bushes that he had been cultivating at the Mont. When I was a Novice, George Archaris and I made rosaries…I still have mine, as a matter of fact. Brother Boniface gave me one of his, and wondered aloud if I might want to make some too. “Maybe not right now,” I said. We walked around the Mont. We took pictures. Back in his office, he casually asked me if I could see myself on his bulletin board. I looked. There were pictures of many people, friends, family, monks….Leslie said, “Dad, look at that.” There was a black and white photo of me playing checkers/chess with Gordon Matley, at some time (probably in my Junior year). I didn’t recognize myself. I’m sure I was never that young. Leslie did. “Bonny” had remembered me over many years. I was dumbstruck, to tell the truth. Flattered and humbled. Another embrace and goodbye.

I wonder how many people had been influenced by Brother George. When I learned that he had died I was surprised. Last I had seen him, he seemed in great health, vigorous, hopeful and cheerful as always. The “La Salle Newsletter” mentioned, as a footnote, almost an afterthought, his passing.

I am grateful and enriched having had the great fortune of his friendship and guidance. In ways hard to measure, he helped shape my life. It was a grace that I chanced to see him once again before he left.

Requiescat in Pace, Bonny.

Don Edwards….Brother Stephen Noel, 1952.

American Economics 101 Updated

Monday, August 13th, 2007

I had an interesting conversation with Mike the other day. I see him occasionally as we both hike up the hill to the Ajijic chapel for exercise. On the way down, we exchanged views on the consequences of outsourcing jobs and the political whining about “losing American jobs” that both parties seem to find satisfying; while all the time intending to do exactly nothing about it.

Cheap labor and skills was the subject. Corporate outsourcing of jobs on the one hand and politically complicit behavior towards “illegal aliens” providing a large supply for “insourcing” low paying jobs on the other was the essence of our discussion.

The same day, I read this excerpt from the Christian Science Monitor:

The vanishing American computer programmer. Move to increase number of foreign worker visas fails in Senate, but that has not stopped what critics call a push for cheaper labor. By David R. Francis. Excerpts:

A popular video recently posted on the Internet’s YouTube shows an immigration lawyer talking to a group of business people in May about the process of hiring foreigners for their companies. “Our goal is clearly not to find a qualified US worker,” says the attorney in the video, an immigration lawyer at Cohen & Grigsby, a firm in Pittsburgh. ”‘In a sense, that sounds funny, but it’s what we’re trying to do here.”

To Norm Matloff, a professor of computer science at the University of California at Davis, such efforts to use loopholes in immigration laws that were supposed to give Americans and legal residents first crack at high-tech and other jobs is “absolutely outrageous.”

“The real goal is to hire ‘cheap labor,’ charges Dr. Matloff. High-tech executives had backed a provision in the comprehensive immigration bill that failed in the Senate last Thursday to boost the number of H-1B or other temporary visas for highly educated foreign workers. Now, the focus will shift to ‘stand-alone’ bills already before Congress that would accomplish the same goal, notes a spokesman for the Software & Information Industry Association.

“There is nothing new in this video,” he (Matloff) says. He recalls getting a document years ago in which a proponent of H-1B visas referred to the arsenal of tools companies can use to legally reject any American applicant for a job in favor of a foreign worker. But now that those tactics are on video, ‘everything changes,’ Matloff says. Viewers can see and hear with their own eyes and ears the words of this immigration lawyer and ‘his utter lack of scruples.’

And this from August 13 issue of Business Week:

And by hiring tens of thousands of people in developing nations, IBM gains more than the benefit of low-cost labor. It’s also helping to build strong economies that are now becoming sizable markets for its goods and services. Revenues from the so-called BRIC countries—Brazil, Russia, India, and China—now represent about 5% of IBM’s total sales and are growing at 25% per quarter. Strategic outsourcing contracts from Indian companies grew nearly 150% last quarter. “These are the markets that will hypergrow over the next few years, and IBM will grow even faster there,” says Michael Cannon-Brookes, vice-president for strategy in emerging markets.

In a completely free market economy it is inevitable that jobs will go where the skill level is comparable but cheaper. So if a Chinese man who graduated from a technical university with equivalent skills to an American MIT computer science geek, it makes perfect sense for IBM to have their software developed by the Chinese man for ½ the cost or less and no requirement for benefits. At the same time it allows the man to be a consumer in a country that wasn’t able to consume much a few decades ago: China, India, Indonesia and Russia just to name a few. IBM now has around 60,000 Indian employees, virtually all their software development done in Bangalore. Rather than bemoan the obvious, in point of fact corporations have an obligation to their shareholders to go for the bottom line. Morality is not part of the equation.

But this dynamic is gaining momentum and is clearly costing the middle class in the USA. We are inadvertently eroding our own workforce. The middle class has been both the engine that has driven the greatest consumer economy in history and simultaneously itself becoming the largest consumer group, fueling itself in a sense. In the process of looking to the bottom line, we are killing the golden goose. Or cooking it.

Why? Because corporations like IBM are also uplifting the economies of other, poorer, countries and funding new, growing middle class consumer groups there. In effect, we are capitalizing other countries’ economic growth to the long term detriment of our own.

At the same time, millions of Latinos come to the USA without proper papers, don’t pay taxes and fulfill the cheap labor requirements of businesses who look the other way….because, of course, they can force the laborers to work for even less by intimidation, threats to call the authorities. Tsk tsk. More jobs lost to American labor because of insourcing.

If our motives were “Christian” or deliberately altruistic that would be one thing. Then Jesus would approve wholeheartedly…..helping impoverished countries out of their poverty and helping the poor in neighboring countries.. But it isn’t altruistic at all. It’s bottom line profit margin. So inadvertently, corporate capital goes to help poor countries because of their need to increase profits but at the same time erode the capital that has traditionally driven our own economy.

And farmers need the Mexican laborers to bring in the crops. If all “illegals” were deported, the agribusiness would go bankrupt and the nation wouldn’t eat. If the work was done to alleviate poverty among poor Mexicans, Jesus would also be supportive of agri-virtue. But the reality is that everyone foams at the mouth over the problem but profit wins out in the end.

One last thought. Speaking of Jesus’ messages, there is real evil involved in this process. The sweat shops abroad making our consumer products are treated and manipulated like slaves. The living conditions of our insourced cheap labor are brutal and fundamentally inhumane. Where is Cesar Chavez when we need him again?

Business giveth, Business taketh away. Blessed be the name of Business. Meanwhile, morality aside, the middle class of America is in very deep trouble.

“Jesus loves me, this I know, for our spread sheets tell me so.”